Infiltration occurs when groundwater seeps into sewer pipes through cracks, leaky pipe

joints and/or deteriorated manholes. Inflow is stormwater that enters the sewer system

through rain leaders, basement sump pumps or foundation drains illegally connected to

the sewer. The impact on treatment and maintenance costs is substantial, and many

wastewater crews prioritize identifying and mitigating sources of inflow and infiltration

(I&I) in their systems.

He started off as a small excavation contractor, but Neil Buchanan has always had big

An increasing number of municipalities and gas utilities are looking towards cross bore